Improvement in moquette carpets



ally of doubled threads.

, UNITED sures-P TEN OFFICE;

, ALEXANDER SMITH AND HALOYON SKINNER, OF YONKERS, NEW YORK, SAID SKINNER ASSIGNOR 'IO SAID SMITH.

IM PROVEMENT IN MOQUETTE 'CARPETS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 203,663, dated May 14, 1878 application filed December 21, 1877.

To'all evhom it may concern Be it known'that we, ALEXANDER SMITn and HALGYON SKINNER, both of Yonkers, in

the county of Westchester and State'of New York, have made an invention of a new and of filling or weft threads of a commoner material, (such as jute orhemp,) the whole combined by warp-threads extending longitudifnally through the fabric in such manner that :the tufts form the face of the fabric, while the commoner filling appears at its back, and gives substance and body to the fabric.

In one mode of manufacturing this kind of carpet previous to our invention, filling of two different sizes has been used, the finer filling to hold the tuft-ing material and the coarser filling atother parts of the fabric.

.Moreover, the warp-threads have been arranged in sets of four threads each at short intervals across the fabric, and all four warpthreads of each set have been interwoven with the coarser filling, so as at times to be above the coarser threads and'at other times to be beneath the same, to bind the coarse fillingthreads together. The'practical effect of this arrangement and combination of warp-threads is to tend to draw all the coarser filling-threads 'to the same level, so that they do not support the tufts. In the other mode'of manufacturing said carpet hitherto practiced, coarse fillin'g alone is used, and each shoot of coarse filling holding the row of tufts is underlaid by a corresponding shoot of coarse filling, making a pair with the tufting shoot, while each such pair is separated from the next pair by an intermediate shoot of coarse filling, gener- The effect of this mode of weaving is that the two forks of each loop of tufting material are separated widely by the coarse filling, and the fabric as a whole is coarser than desirable.

In both of the above modes of weaving the filling for each row of tufts consists of three shoots interwoven in three sheds of warpthreads. According to the improvement in the manufacture of moquette carpet which tion of the warp-threads (and by preference two of each set of four across the width of thefabric) is interwoven. with the coaser fill- 'ing,so as to bind the coarse filling-threads together, while the other warp-threads (by preference the other two of each set of four) are caused to extend above and below the row of fine filling-threads (securing the tufts) in as nearly straight lines as practicable through the fabric between the coarser filling-threads, 'so that a portion of the coarse filling-threads are above these two warp-threads of the set,

and the residue of the coarse filling-threads are beneath them. These approximatelystraight warp-threads thus bind the fine filling and the tuftin g material to the coarse filling, and also divide the threads of coarse filling into two divisions, the members of one'of which are above the said approximately-straight warp-threads and betwee'n the rows of tufts, while the members of the other division are at theunder side of the carpet and the members of the upper di vision of coarse filling-threads are, held-in a raised position between the rows of tufts, so that the tufts are caused to stand more erect-1y by reason of the interposition of the coarse filling-threads between them. Moreover, the division of the coarse filling, as above described, permits each thread of the upper division to slide partially over the last preceding thread of the lower division,'when beaten up by the'lay of the loom, and also permits that thread of the lower division of coarse filling which succeeds the thread of the upper division to slide partiallybeneaththe latter,whereby the fabric is rendered more compact and substantial; t

In practice we find it expedient'to make the approximately-straight or dividing warp- In order that the invention may be fully unconstitutes the subject of this patent, a por derstood, we have represented in the accompanying drawing the relative positions of the threads composing our improved fabric, but have represented the threads as separated by open spaces, so as to avoid confusion, it being understood that in practice the filling is driven up by the lay of the 100m, so as to cause the threads to touch each other and make a solid fabric.

Figurel of said drawing represents a longitudinal section of the fabric. Fig. 2 represents a top view of the warp-threads and fillmg. I v

In the said drawings, the lines a a b b represent a set of four warp-threads, two of which,

a a, are binder-threads, being interwoven with the coarser filling-threads c c c, so as to pass over and under the latter, while the other two warp-threads, b b, are dividing warp-threads, extended as nearly straight aspracticable through the fabric between the coarse fillingthreads 0 c 0. The fine filling which holds the tufts d of the tufting-mat'erial is repre- 'sented at a, only two tufts being shown in the drawing. These fine filling-threads cross the fabric between the dividing warp-threads b b, and are secured by them to the coarse filling. It will be noticed that the dividing warpthreads b b divide the coarser filling into two divisions, and that the threads 0 of the upper division intervene between the rows 'of tufts d d. The presence of this upper division of coarse filling-threads between the rows of tufts tends to cause the latter to stand more erect, when the whole fabric is driven up closely by the operation of the loom.

It will also be noticed that the interweaving of the filling and warp threads is effected by opening four successive and distinct sheds of warp-threads for every row of tufting material, one shed being opened for the passage of the shoot of fine filling securing the row of tufts, a second shed being opened for the first shoot a of the under portion of coarse filling, a third shed being opened for the shoot a of coarse filling above the binder warp-threads, and a fourth shed being opened for the second shoot 0 of .theunder portion of coarse filling. This interweaving of the filling infour separate sheds of the warp-threads holds the coarse filling firmly inits place, with the portion 0 0 that is beneath the dividing warpthreads twice as great in bulk as the portion 0 that is above the divider warp-threads. It also disposes the two under shoots a 0 of coarse filling to form a species of socket or hollow bed for the row of tufts.

In the drawings the filling is represented as composed of single threads for the purpose of rendering the representation more clear; but

in practice we prefer to double the fillingthreads.

The warp-threads may be increased in number, provided a portion of them be interwoven with all the coarse filling-threads so as to bind them together, while another portion of the warp-threads is caused to extend between the coarse filling-threads so as to divide the latter into an upper and a lower group or division.

I If desired, the arrangement of the warpthreads may be modified, without changing the combination and arrangement substantially, by causing the central pair of warpthreads of a set of four to divide the coarse filling for a short spacesay half an inch of the length of the fabricand by then causing the outer pair to effect the division of the coarse filling-threads for a short space, while the inner pair connects the ripper and lower divisions of coarsefilling for the same space, all the warp-threads being thus used in some parts of the fabric as dividing warp-threads,

and in other parts as binder warp-threads.

We claim as our invention-. I I I The improved. moquette carpet, substantially as before set forth, composed of rows of tufting material, fine filling, coarse filling, binder warp threads, and dividing warpthreads, combined and arranged as before set forth, with the fine filling inserted between the divider warp-threads, and also with the coarse filling divided into two portions, one of which is above the divider warp-threads and the other of which is beneath the same. 1-

VVitne'ss our hands this 6th day of November, A. 1). 1877.

ALEXANDER SMITH... HALOYON SKINNEB.

Witnesses:

EBENEZER CURTICE, ALLEN TAYLOR. 

